RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Significant consequences of COVID-19 within academic/professional life are, at the psychological level, related to worry, tension, stress; coping strategies and lifestyle changes. This study describes the process of design and validation of an inventory (QPIC), which aims to assess the psychological impact that a situation of confinement can produce among university students and teachers. METHODS: Design of the instrument and psychometric tests. A sample of 862 students and 229 professors affiliated to Spanish and Colombian universities was used. Data were collected in April 2020 with the request of the favourable Bioethics Committee IR/2020. RESULTS: Six experts carried out the content validation. A confirmatory factor analysis of the theoretical dimensions proposed for the scales was performed and the internal consistency of each of the three initial scales was confirmed (0.866, 0.813 and 0.834). CONCLUSION: A rigorous and reliable instrument is achieved, consisting of two final scales: (a) Worry, tension and stress scale (b) Coping scale, which helps to measure individual psychological effects in housebound situations. It is an instrument designed, constructed ad hoc to assess the impact of confinement and subjected to validation. The factor structure and reliability of the instrument are examined and good psychometric properties are obtained. The application of this inventory will make it possible to assess the impact on people's mental health during a period of confinement.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Saúde Mental , Humanos , Universidades , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ansiedade , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Psicometria , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The passage through university is a complex experience that can heighten personal susceptibility to eating disorders. The objective of this research is to determine how gender, age, course, educational faculty, and body mass index (BMI) can influence the risk of eating disorders among university students. METHOD: A transversal and descriptive study is conducted with a sample of 516 Spanish students (57.2% female, 42.8% male; Mage = 21.7, SDage = 4.1) following 26 university degrees. The Inventory Eating Disorder-Reference criterion (EDI-3-RF) was administered to the students. Contingency tables were used between categorical variables with the chi-squared statistic, at a significance level of p < 0.05. The Student t-test was used for two independent samples and a one-way ANOVA test with the post hoc Bonferroni test for more than two groups. Pearson's correlation and a simple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the variables in its quantitative version. RESULTS: It was found that the female students enrolled in the second year presented a greater obsession with thinness and body dissatisfaction (p = 0.029; d = 0.338); the male students practiced more physical exercise to control their weight (p = 0.003); and that students under the age of twenty (p < 0.010; d = 0.584) and students from both the Health (p = 0.0.13) and Law (p = 0.021) educational faculties showed greater bulimic behavior (d = 0.070). More females are underweight (z = 2.8), and more men are overweight (z = 2.4). Normal-weight students scored significantly higher in thinness obsession (p = 0.033). Overweight students scored significantly higher on thinness obsession (p < 0.001) and body dissatisfaction (p < 0.001). Obese students scored significantly higher on body dissatisfaction (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained in this study, reinforce the hypothesis that the female gender, at an age within the limits of early adolescence, in the first year of the degree courses, with specific university qualifications, and a high BMI constituted factors that could provoke an eating disorder. Consequently, it is necessary to implement preventive measures adapted to the circumstances of each university student.
RESUMO
Resumen Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) constituyen un problema de salud pública que ha venido incrementando. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la vulnerabilidad de los estudiantes universitarios a presentar un TCA. Se trabajó con una muestra probabilística de 561 estudiantes (M edad = 21.7; DE =4.1), 42.8% varones y 57.2% mujeres. Los datos fueron recabados con base al Inventario de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria-Criterio de Remisión (EDI-3-RF), además de registrar algunos indicadores antropométricos. Destacan los siguientes resultados: las mujeres presentaron mayor obsesión por la delgadez e insatisfacción corporal que los varones; las conductas bulímicas estuvieron más presentes en estudiantes menores de 20 años; los varones recurren en mayor medida al ejercicio físico como forma de control del peso; 7.7% presentaron bajo peso y preocupación excesiva por la comida y el peso, condición que amerita remisión a atención especializada. Resulta apremiante reforzar los esfuerzos encaminados a la implementación de estrategias de prevención e intervención dirigidas específicamente a los estudiantes universitarios, a través del diseño de programas destinados a promover hábitos de alimentación saludables, mejorar la percepción de la imagen corporal y disminuir la preocupación obsesiva por la delgadez.
Abstract Eating disorders (ED) are a public health problem which it has been increasing. The aim of this study was to estimate the vulnerability of university students to an ED. We worked with a probabilistic sample of 561 students (M age = 21.7; SD = 4.1), 42.8% men and 57.2% women. They completed the Inventory Eating Disorder-Reference criterion (EDI-3-RF), also we took anthropometric measures. The results show that: women have a significantly more obsession with thinness and body dissatisfaction; the students under 20years old showed significant more bulimic behaviors; men prefer to do physical exercise as a way to control their weight; about 7.7% should be referred to a specialized center for having low weight along with excessive concern about food and weight. It is concluded that it is necessary to implement preventive programs and intervention measures aimed towards to the university students who promote healthy eating habits, improve the perception of their body image and diminish the obsessive preoccupation with thinness.
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Resumen Apenas existen iniciativas de investigación en el ámbito del envejecimiento activo y saludable de las personas con parálisis cerebral. Encontrar soluciones a este reto social requiere una red de excelencia en investigación que contribuya a vivir mejor a toda la sociedad. Se recopiló información recogida en 34 artículos sobre parálisis cerebral y envejecimiento, concretamente sobre necesidades percibidas, calidad de vida y repercusión del envejecimiento en las personas con parálisis cerebral. Los resultados de la revisión destacan la importancia de un enfoque preventivo, para lo cual se requiere investigar sobre las nuevas necesidades y los indicadores de calidad de vida en las personas con parálisis cerebral que envejecen. De esta forma, se puede facilitar la atención integral de este colectivo en esta etapa de la vida. Invertir en investigación e innovación es esencial para el futuro, es la manera de impulsar productos y servicios y así crear una sociedad mejor para todos los ciudadanos.
Abstract There are hardly any research initiatives in the field of active and healthy ageing for people with cerebral palsy. To find solutions to this social challenge needs a network of excellence in research to provide a better life to all of society. Information from 34 articles on cerebral palsy and aging was analyzed, specifically on perceived needs, quality of life and the impact of aging on people with cerebral palsy. The results of this review highlight the importance of a preventive approach, which requires research on new needs and quality of life indicators in people with cerebral palsy when ageing. This way may facilitate the integral care of this group at this stage of life. Investing in research and innovation is essential for the future, it is the way to promote products and services and thus create a better society for all citizens.
